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It
was night, and the three Norns had gathered at the foot
of Valkyrie mountain. While they might sound a lot like
characters from Stargate SG-1, these were actually
three of Erda's daughters.
They had assembled to pass the Rope of Fate back and forth, as they
looked at present, past, and future. They viewed the story of Wotan, and they
saw his destiny, where the branches the World Ash were to be cut, and
then stored in Valhalla, waiting for Loge to ignite them. |
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When
they reached Alberich and the curse of the Ring, the rope broke,
and their knowledge came to an end. Their images faded, as they
sank back into the earth.
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It
was now daybreak on the mountain. Siegfried and Brünnhilde had
exchanged gifts and made their betrothal official. Siegfried
announced that he must leave her for a while, while he boldly
sought new heroic escapades along the course of the Rhine.
Brünnhilde handed the reigns of Grane
to Siegfried for transportation, and Siegfried handed her the
Ring
for safe keeping. Siegfried was remarkably uninterested in the
power of the Ring, considering how arrogant he had become.
[Quibble:
Since Brünnhilde was
a warrior-woman, why should she have stayed behind, like some
kind of housewife?
What was she supposed to eat? Did she get nourishment from the
flames?]
A real horse played the part of Grane, though no
singers actually mounted the horse. |
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In
the Hall of the Gibichungs, located on the bank of the Rhine,
word had come of Siegfried's journey their way. The Gibichungs
were ruled by the weak-willed King Gunther, his sister Gutrune,
and their scheming half-brother, Hagen.
[Quibble:
As in many versions of the sagas, these people knew things
about Siegfried and Brünnhilde that
they could not possibly have known. Who told them all these
details?]
Hagen hatched a sinister plot: he convinced Gutrune to give
Siegfried a potion that would make him forget Brünnhilde and
fall in love with Gutrune, so that they could trick
Siegfried into securing Brünnhilde as
a bride for King Gunther, instead.
Siegfried arrived, and he naively became victimized by this
plot.
Wagner strayed from the sagas with the character Gutrune, since
Gunther's sister was usually named Kriemhild. |
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Brünnhilde
tenderly kissed the Ring, while she thought of Siegfried,
her love. Then she looked up to see her sister, Waltraute,
as she flew toward the mountain. This was unexpected, since
Wotan had forbidden any of the Valkyries from ever seeing her
again. |
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Waltraute
told her of the desperate situation in Valhalla, as
Wotan could only sit, with the remains of the World Ash stacked
around him, awaiting his doom.
She implored Brünnhilde to return the
Ring to the Rhinemaidens, where it could be cleansed of it
curse. However, Brünnhilde naively valued
the Ring more as a token of Siegfried's love, than she worried
the fate of
Valhalla. Waltraute left in despair.
Later, Siegfried arrived, but he was wearing the Tarnhelm to
disguise himself as Gunther, in which form he captured the
humiliated Brünnhilde and took back the
Ring. He had pledged that he would bring back Brünnhilde so
Gunther could marry her. This
disguise had been necessarily, since Gunther could never have
passed through
the flames.
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When
Hagen rested alone at the Hall of the Gibichungs, he was visited
by Alberich in his dreams, so that they might hatch a plan
to recover the Ring.
Hagen was the son of Alberich, thus making Hagen the champion
of the Nibelungs in the quest for the Ring, while the gods
had Siegfried. |
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Alberich's
plotting had known no bounds. He had somehow gained the
favors of Grimhilde, the mother of Gunther and Gutrune, whether
by consent or force, so that
he could
produce
an heir to fight for the Ring.
[Quibble:
I cannot imagine how Alberich could ever pull this off!] |
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Brünnhilde
arrived in Gibichung with Gunther, where she immediately noticed
Siegfried
with Gutrune, and with the Ring on his finger. Siegfried only
had partial memories, but Brünnhilde implicated him is
all sorts of trickery and treachery. Siegfried was clueless
about all the plotting.
Hagen later offered to avenge Brünnhilde's dishonor, but
she doubted he could succeed, because she had cast a magical
spell (using the Ring?) to make Siegfried invincible. This was
a weak plot device, all because tenors did not like to be bathed
in fake blood.
Hagen tricked Brünnhilde info revealing the weakness in
this spell, because she had not protected his back side, since
he would never run from an enemy.
[Quibble:
Brünnhilde seemed too intelligent
to be duped by all this flimsy scheming.]
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Siegfried
had been invited to a boar hunt, to make it easier to kill
him. Separated from the group, Siegfried encountered
the three Rhinemaidens
and teased them with the Ring. He refused to give it to them,
despite their warnings, and despite their dire prediction that
his wife would be more willing after he was dead.
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Siegfried,
being quite taken with himself, boasted of his adventures.
When Siegfried could not remember what happened after he slew
the dragon, Hagen capriciously gave him a potion to refresh
his memory. As two of Wotan's crows flew by,
Hagen from plunged his spear into Siegfried's back. Siegfried's
last words were an affirmation of his love for Brünnhilde.
Wagner's most intense music ever, the funeral music for Siegfried,
began as Siegfried's body was carried to Gibichung.
Back at the Hall of the Gibichungs, things did not go the
way Hagen had planned. Gunther was very angry; then Hagen killed
his half-brother in a brief fight. Gutrune was overcome with
grief for the loss of both Siegfried and Gunther.
Hagen looked to take the Ring from Siegfried, but he was taken
aback when the dead hero raised his hand, giving Brünnhilde a
chance to snatch it up instead. |
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A
funeral pyre was lighted, and an obscuring curtain came down.
These last scenes required effects that were beyond
the means of most opera companies.
While we did not see it, we know that, in the story, Brünnhilde mounted
Grane and told the Rhinemaidens she was returning the
Ring, just as she and her horse leaped into the burning pyre.
There had been a brief view of the halls of Valhalla,
shortly before it had been consumed by flames. In some versions
of
the saga,
Wotan
started
the fire by killing Loge, as a final punishment for his treachery.
[Quibble: All
the heroes who had gone to Valhalla were most likely cheated
out of their reward; perhaps they could have sued. Where do
gods go when they die?]
In some versions of the sagas, Siegfried and Brünnhilde ascend,
arm-in-arm, although it was not clear where they would be going,
since Valhalla had been destroyed. |
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The
banks of the Rhine overflowed, putting out the fire, and allowing
the Rhinemaidens to retrieve the Ring, which they joyously
returned to the original resting place as a lump of gold.
Hagen had watched all of this; he had not taken his eyes
off the gold. He apparently had not inherited his father's
ability to swim under water, since he was no match for
the Rhinemaidens and drowned trying to reach the gold.
The rule of gods had ended, and the rule of men had begun! |
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Götterdämmerung
Libretto
Main Page |
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